Migraine is a neurological disorder that causes recurring headaches, often accompanied by other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Symptoms

• Throbbing or pulsating pain on one or both sides of the head.
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells.
• Nausea, vomiting, or both.
• Blurred vision or visual disturbances.
• Light-headedness, sometimes followed by fainting.
• Sensation of pins and needles in the arms or legs.
• Speech difficulty.

Causes

• Genetics: A family history of migraine increases the risk of developing the condition.
• Hormonal changes: Women are more likely to experience migraines due to changes in hormone levels during menstruation, pregnancy, or menopause.
• Environmental factors: Bright lights, loud noises, strong smells, and certain foods can trigger migraines.
• Stress: Emotional or physical stress can trigger migraines in some people.

Diagnosis

Migraine diagnosis is based on a physical exam and medical history. Your doctor may also order tests to rule out other causes of your headaches. These tests may include:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan
• Blood tests
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)

Treatment

• Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or aspirin.
• Prescription medications such as triptans, ergots, or opioids.
• Anti-nausea medication.
• Lifestyle changes such as reducing stress, getting enough sleep, avoiding triggers, and exercising regularly.

Prevention

• Identify and avoid triggers such as certain foods, bright lights, and loud noises.
• Get regular exercise.
• Establish a regular sleep pattern.
• Reduce stress through relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga.
• Take preventive medication as prescribed by your doctor.

Myths and Facts

Myth: Migraines are just bad headaches.

Fact: Migraines are a neurological disorder with a range of symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life.

Myth: Migraines only affect women.

Fact: While women are more likely to experience migraines, men can also suffer from this condition.

Myth: Migraines can be cured with medication.

Fact: There is no cure for migraines, but medication and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and prevent future attacks.

FAQs

Q: Are migraines hereditary?

A: Yes, there is a genetic component to migraines, and having a family history of migraines increases the risk of developing the condition.

Q: Can migraines be prevented?

A: Yes, identifying and avoiding triggers, getting regular exercise, establishing a regular sleep pattern, and taking preventive medication can all help prevent migraines.

Q: How long do migraines last?

A: Migraines can last anywhere from a few hours to several days.